Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid that is naturally produced in the colon when "good" bacteria in the gut break down dietary fiber. It is also known as butanoic acid and has the chemical formula CH₃CH₂CH₂CO₂H. Butyrate is the main energy source for colon cells, providing about 70% of their energy needs. It is also an HDAC inhibitor, which means it inhibits the function of histone deacetylase enzymes, thereby favoring an acetylated state of histones in cells. Butyrate has numerous effects on energy homeostasis and related diseases, inflammation, and immune function in humans. Some of the potential benefits of butyrate include:

• Supporting digestive system health by providing energy for colon cells.
• Reducing inflammation and preventing diseases like cancer.
• Helping to stabilize blood sugar levels and prevent obesity.
• Protecting the brain from diseases like Alzheimers and Parkinsons.
• Preventing leaky gut.

Butyrate is found in foods that are high in fiber, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Butter is also a source of butyrate, but it is high in saturated fat and not recommended as a primary source of butyrate. While more research is needed to determine the safety of butyrate supplements and the appropriate levels for consumption, it is generally considered safe when consumed in food.