Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection in women caused by an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina. Normally, the vagina has a healthy balance of "good" bacteria (like lactobacilli) that keep it slightly acidic to prevent infection. BV occurs when this balance is disrupted, leading to an overgrowth of harmful bacteria such as Gardnerella vaginalis. BV is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI), but sexual activity can increase the risk of developing it. It can affect women who are sexually active as well as those who are not. Common factors increasing the likelihood of BV include having multiple sexual partners, changing partners, using an intrauterine device (IUD), and using perfumed vaginal products. Symptoms of BV may include:

• Thin vaginal discharge that can be gray, white, or green
• A strong fishy odor, especially after sex
• Vaginal itching or irritation
• Burning sensation during urination

However, some women with BV have no symptoms. BV can be treated effectively with antibiotics, either as oral tablets or topical creams/suppositories. Untreated BV can increase the risk of other infections, including STI acquisition, and can lead to complications during pregnancy such as preterm birth. In summary, BV is an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina causing infection and discomfort, but it is treatable and common among women of reproductive age. It is important to consult a healthcare provider for appropriate diagnosis and treatment if symptoms arise. This condition is distinct from yeast infections, which are caused by fungal overgrowth. If you have further questions about BV symptoms, causes, or treatment, consulting a healthcare provider is recommended for personalized care.