Fodder, also called provender, is any agricultural foodstuff used specifically to feed domesticated livestock, such as cattle, rabbits, sheep, horses, chickens, and pigs. Fodder refers particularly to food given to the animals, rather than that which they forage for themselves (called forage). Fodder includes hay, straw, silage, compressed and pelleted feeds, oils and mixed rations, and sprouted grains and legumes (such as bean sprouts, fresh malt, or spent malt). Most animal feed is from plants, but some manufacturers add ingredients to processed feeds that are of animal origin.

Sprouted grains, typically wheat and barley, are also referred to as fodder. They are grown indoors for a short period of time, from four to ten days, before being fed fresh to livestock. Sprouted grains are packed with vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and amino acids, and they naturally reduce inflammation and significantly reduce the need for ulcer medication for horses.

In summary, cattle fodder is any agricultural foodstuff used to feed domesticated livestock, including hay, straw, silage, compressed and pelleted feeds, oils and mixed rations, and sprouted grains and legumes.