Cavitation is a condition that can affect any fluid flow system, including pumps. It is the formation and accumulation of bubbles around a pump impeller, which tends to form in liquids of any viscosity as they are being transported through and around a pump system. When each of these tiny bubbles collapses or bursts, it creates a high energy shock wave inside the liquid, which can cause damage to the pump impeller and other components. Cavitation can occur in all pump types, but it is more common in centrifugal pumps where the bubbles quickly develop around the impeller’s axis.

Cavitation can be caused by a variety of factors, including a clogged filter or strainer, a restricted or flimsy inlet hose, and fluid viscosity. It can also happen when the pressure at the suction end of the pump is too low, or there is insufficient Net Positive Suction Head available (NPSHa) .

To prevent cavitation, it is important to properly configure the pump system and use it for its intended application. Checking on components and the performance of the pump is a great way to identify early warning signs of cavitation. Some ways to prevent cavitation include reducing motor speed, increasing the diameter of the suction pipe, and ensuring that the suction line to the pump is sloped properly.

In summary, cavitation is the formation and accumulation of bubbles around a pump impeller, which can cause damage to the pump impeller and other components. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including low pressure at the suction end of the pump and fluid viscosity. Preventing cavitation involves properly configuring the pump system and checking on components and the performance of the pump.