The Chauri Chaura incident took place on February 4, 1922, in the Gorakhpur district of the United Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh) in British India. It was a significant event in the Indian freedom struggle and is an important part of the UPSC syllabus. Here are some key details about the incident:

• Participants of the Non-cooperation movement clashed with police, resulting in the deaths of about 22 policemen and 3 civilians.
• In response to the killing of the police, the British colonial authorities declared martial law in and around Chauri Chaura. Several raids were conducted, and hundreds of people were arrested.
• The incident broke the principles of nonviolent resistance, and Mahatma Gandhi called off the non-cooperation movement in 1922, which was a direct result of the Chauri Chaura incident.
• The Allahabad High Court confirmed 19 death sentences, 110 life imprisonments, and the remaining were sentenced to long jail terms.
• The people of the district did not forget the 19 persons tried and executed after the Chauri Chaura incident. In 1971, they formed an association named Chauri Chaura Shaheed Smarak Samiti. In 1973, this Samiti constructed near the lake at Chauri Chaura a 12.2-metre-tall triangular minaret on each side of which a figure is depicted hanging with a noose round his neck. The minaret was built at a cost of Rs 13,500 contributed by popular subscription.
• Later, another Shaheed Smarak was built by the Government of India to honor those hanged after the incident. This tall memorial has names of those executed engraved upon it.

In summary, the Chauri Chaura incident was a violent clash between participants of the Non-cooperation movement and police, resulting in the deaths of several people. It led to the withdrawal of the non-cooperation movement by Mahatma Gandhi and had significant consequences for the Indian freedom struggle.