Direct answer: “Children in Need” refers to two related but distinct concepts depending on context.

• In a social services and welfare context (primarily in the UK): A “child in need” is a child who, under the Children Act 1989, requires additional help from local authority children’s services to achieve or maintain a reasonable standard of health or development, or who is at risk of significant harm without support. Local authorities have duties under Section 17 to assess such children and, if needed, provide services or create a plan to support the child and family. This category covers a range of situations, from early help to more involved support, and the exact services are determined locally.

• In the broadcasting charity context (BBC Children in Need): It is a UK charitable organization—the BBC Children in Need charity established in 1980—that raises funds to support disadvantaged children and young people across the UK. It operates through grants and partner organizations to fund projects and initiatives that improve the welfare, wellbeing, and opportunities for children and young people.

If you’d like, I can tailor the explanation to a specific country, policy area, or provide links to the statutory definitions and charitable program details.