Clinical depression, also known as major depression or major depressive disorder, is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable. It is different from depression caused by a loss or a medical condition. To diagnose clinical depression, doctors use the symptom criteria for major depressive disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) . Signs and symptoms of clinical depression may include:

• Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
• Loss of interest or pleasure in most activities
• Significant weight loss or gain
• Insomnia or hypersomnia
• Fatigue or loss of energy
• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
• Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

Symptoms are usually severe enough to cause noticeable problems in relationships with others or in day-to-day activities, such as work, school, or social activities. Clinical depression can affect people of any age, including children. However, clinical depression symptoms, even if severe, usually improve with psychological counseling, antidepressant medications, or a combination of the two. It is important to note that effective treatments and supports are available to help individuals start feeling better.