Clinical supervision is a formal process of professional support, reflection, and learning that contributes to individual development. It is used in various professions, including counseling, psychotherapy, nursing, and substance abuse counseling. Clinical supervision involves a practitioner meeting regularly with another professional, who has training in the skills of supervision, to discuss casework and other professional issues in a structured way. The supervisor provides corrective feedback on the supervisees performance, teaching, and collaborative goal-setting. Clinical supervision differs from related activities, such as mentoring and coaching, by incorporating an evaluative component.

Clinical supervision has several purposes, including enriching the clinicians attitudes, knowledge, and skills to competently provide quality care resulting in improved clinical outcomes. It is also a useful tool in disseminating evidence-based practices and ensuring the fidelity and effectiveness of a treatment program. Clinical supervision can offer support to new and experienced health professionals alike in their daily work.

There are several models of clinical supervision, including developmental, integrated, and task-centered models. The supervisory relationship is the crucible in which ethical practice is developed and maintained. Clinical supervision has some overlap with managerial activities, mentorship, and preceptorship, though all of these end or become less direct as staff develop into senior and autonomous roles.