Coal gasification is a process that converts coal into a fuel gas called syngas, which is a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor. The process involves partially oxidizing coal by air, oxygen, steam, or carbon dioxide under controlled conditions to produce a fuel gas. The resulting syngas can be used for various purposes such as making ammonia, powering a hydrogen economy, or upgrading fossil fuels. Coal gasification has several advantages over conventional combustion of mined coal, including greater efficiency and the ability to capture CO2 more easily. The hydrogen obtained from coal gasification can be used for various purposes such as making ammonia, powering a hydrogen economy, or upgrading fossil fuels. Coal gasification is used primarily for electricity generation in conventional thermal power stations and molten carbonate fuel cell power stations, or for production of chemical feedstocks. Underground coal gasification (UCG) is another type of coal gasification process that involves injection of a gaseous oxidizing agent, usually oxygen or air, into non-mined coal seams, and bringing the resulting product gas to the surface through production wells drilled from the surface.