Code-switching is a linguistic phenomenon that occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages or language varieties in the context of a single conversation or situation. It involves utilizing entire sentences, phrases, and borrowed vocabulary from a different language. Here are some key points about code-switching:

• Code-switching can happen between sentences, sentence fragments, words, or individual morphemes in synthetic languages.
• Some linguists consider the borrowing of words or morphemes from another language to be different from other types of code-switching.
• Code-switching can occur when there is a change in the environment one is speaking.
• Code-switching is not limited to multilingual individuals, and can also involve changing mannerisms, tone of voice, or linguistic code-switching between standard English and a more relaxed vernacular.
• Code-switching can be a way for members of underrepresented groups to adjust their language, syntax, grammatical structure, behavior, and appearance to fit into the dominant culture.
• Code-switching can be a source of frustration, strain, and burnout for minorities who recognize the perils of failing to switch, which can lead to negative consequences.
• Code-switching can be a survival strategy or superpower for individuals who use it to adapt to their environment and navigate interracial interactions.

Overall, code-switching is a complex and nuanced phenomenon that can have both positive and negative effects on individuals and groups.