Cognitive impairment is a term used to describe a decline in mental abilities that affects a persons everyday life. It can range from mild to severe and is not caused by any one disease or condition, nor is it limited to a specific age group. Some common signs of cognitive impairment include memory loss, difficulty concentrating, trouble making decisions, changes in mood or behavior, and difficulty planning and carrying out tasks. Cognitive impairment can be caused by a variety of conditions, including Alzheimers disease, other dementias, stroke, traumatic brain injury, developmental disabilities, infections, medication side effects, depression, and vitamin B12 deficiency. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a specific stage of cognitive impairment that is between the expected decline in memory and thinking that happens with age and the more serious decline of dementia. MCI may include problems with memory, language, and visual/spatial perception, but individuals with MCI can still independently perform most activities of daily living. While some causes of cognitive impairment are treatable, there is currently no cure for cognitive impairment caused by Alzheimers disease or other related dementias. It is important to identify people who are showing signs of cognitive impairment to provide appropriate care and treatment.