Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a disease in which cells in the colon or rectum grow out of control. The colon is the first and longest part of the large intestine, and the rectum is the passageway that connects the colon to the anus. Most colon cancers start as a growth on the inner lining of the colon or rectum called polyps, which can change into cancer over time. Screening tests can find polyps so they can be removed before turning into cancer, and screening also helps find colorectal cancer at an early stage when treatment works best.
Colon cancer typically affects older adults, though it can happen at any age. Risk factors for colon cancer include:
- Age: The risk of colon cancer increases as you get older.
- Family history: If you have a parent, sibling, or child who has had colon cancer, you are more likely to develop it yourself.
- Personal history: If you have had colon cancer or certain types of polyps before, you are more likely to develop it again.
- Inflammatory bowel disease: Chronic inflammatory diseases of the colon, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease, can increase the risk of colon cancer.
- Lifestyle factors: A diet high in red and processed meats, low in fruits and vegetables, and high in fat can increase the risk of colon cancer. Lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol use can also increase the risk.
Symptoms of colon cancer can include changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation, blood in the stool, abdominal pain or cramping, and unexplained weight loss. Treatments for colon cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, and medicines such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Making lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet, getting regul...
