Computational science, also known as scientific computing, technical computing, or scientific computation, is a division of science that uses advanced computing capabilities to understand and solve complex physical problems. It is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field that combines mathematics, computer science, and science to help solve real-world problems. Computational science involves developing computer programs and application software that model systems being studied and running these programs with various sets of input parameters. The essence of computational science is the application of numerical algorithms and computational mathematics. In some cases, these models require massive amounts of calculations and are often executed on supercomputers or distributed computing platforms. Computational science is often thought of as an integration of three disciplines: Mathematics, Computer Science, and Science. The term computational scientist is used to describe someone skilled in scientific computing. Such a person is usually a scientist, an engineer, or an applied mathematician who applies high-performance computing in different ways to advance the state-of-the-art in their respective applied disciplines in physics, chemistry, or engineering.