Confirmation is a sacrament in the Catholic Church and other Christian denominations that involves the strengthening of the union between the individual and God. It is one of the three sacraments of initiation, along with baptism and the Eucharist. In the Catholic Church, confirmation is conferred by a bishop and involves the anointing of the forehead with chrism (holy oil) and the laying on of hands. The sacrament is seen as the sealing of the covenant created in baptism, and it is called chrismation in Eastern Christianity. Confirmation is usually administered when a child reaches the age of reason or early adolescence in Western Christianity, while in the East, it is conferred immediately after baptism. The sacrament is also an affirmation of belief for adults. The effect of the sacrament is the special outpouring of the Holy Spirit, which strengthens the gifts of the Holy Spirit, such as wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, and fear of the Lord. Confirmation deepens the baptismal life and calls the individual to be a missionary witness of Jesus Christ in the world.