Conscription, also known as the draft, is the compulsory enrollment or forced enlistment of people, typically adult males, by a government to serve in the military or other national services. It usually requires eligible individuals to join the armed forces for a period of time, often with legal penalties if they refuse. Conscription has been used historically and in modern times as a way for countries to maintain large military forces, especially during wars, although it remains a controversial practice due to issues like forced labor, conscientious objection, and inequality in who gets drafted.

Conscripts are usually young men, but in some countries women may also be conscripted. The system was first widely implemented in the modern form during the French Revolution and has evolved differently across countries, with some abolishing it while others maintain selective or universal service. It often includes provisions for exceptions, deferments, or alternative service options for those who object to combat roles.

In summary, conscription is government-mandated military service typically requiring able-bodied citizens to serve in the defense forces, with varying rules and social impacts depending on the country and historical context.