Contraception is an artificial method or technique used to prevent pregnancy as a consequence of sexual intercourse. It works by stopping egg production, keeping the egg distinct from the sperm, or by stopping the fertilized egg from attaching to the lining of the womb. There are around fifteen to twenty different types or methods of contraception. Here are some of the most common methods:

• Hormonal Contraception: This is a birth control method that acts on the endocrine system. It is composed of steroid hormones that comprise both oral and injectable methods. It is proved to be highly effective when taken on a prescribed schedule. The methods that are available currently can be used only by women. Some of the different methods of hormonal contraception include patches, IUD, implants, oral pills, injections, and a vaginal ring.

• Barrier Contraceptives: These are devices that are used to prevent pregnancy by blocking sperm from entering the uterus. Some of them include female condoms, male condoms, contraceptive sponges with spermicide, diaphragms, and cervical caps. Among them, the most common birth control methods are condoms. They help in protecting against HIV and sexually transmitted diseases. Most modern condoms are made up of latex.

• Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): These are small, T-shaped devices that a provider inserts into the uterus. They are highly effective and can last for several years.

• Oral Contraceptives: These are pills containing synthetic sex hormones that can prevent ovulation in females.

• Injectables: These are hormonal injections that can prevent pregnancy for several months.

• Implants: These are small, flexible rods that are inserted under the skin of the upper arm. They can prevent pregnancy for up to three years.

• Surgical Methods: These include male and female sterilization, which are permanent methods of contraception.

There are also natural methods of contraception, such as the withdrawal method and the fertility awareness method, which involves tracking ovulation and avoiding intercourse during the fertile period. Emergency contraception is not a regular method of birth control but can be used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or if a condom breaks.