Cooperative learning is an instructional method in which students work together in small groups to accomplish a common learning goal under the guidance of a teacher. It is an educational approach that aims to organize classroom activities into academic and social learning experiences. Cooperative learning is not just about arranging students into groups, but rather it involves students who fully participate in group activities, exhibit collaborative behaviors, provide constructive feedback, and cooperate with their groups.

Cooperative learning has been found to increase attendance, time on task, enjoyment of school and classes, motivation, and independence. Students who participate in cooperative learning have a higher likelihood of receiving higher test scores and course grades at the end of the semester. Cooperative learning is an active pedagogy that fosters higher academic achievement.

Cooperative learning exercises can be as simple as a five-minute in-class exercise or as complex as a project. There are different kinds of groups for different situations, but they all balance some key elements that distinguish cooperative learning from competitive or individualistic learning. These elements include positive interdependence, individual accountability, equal participation, and simultaneous interaction.

Cooperative learning has many benefits, but it also has limitations that could cause the process to be more complicated than first perceived. Teachers may become confused and lack understanding of the process because cooperative learning is constantly evolving.

In summary, cooperative learning is an instructional method that involves students working together in small groups to accomplish a common learning goal. It has been found to increase academic achievement, attendance, motivation, and independence. Cooperative learning exercises can be simple or complex, and they balance key elements such as positive interdependence, individual accountability, equal participation, and simultaneous interaction.