Plant propagation is the process of creating new plants from various sources, including seeds, cuttings, and other plant parts. It can also refer to the man-made or natural dispersal of seeds. Propagation typically occurs as a step in the overall cycle of plant growth. For seeds, it happens after ripening and dispersal; for vegetative parts, it happens after detachment or pruning; for asexually-reproducing plants, such as strawberry, it happens as the new plant develops from existing parts.

There are two types of plant propagation: sexual and asexual. Sexual propagation involves the union of the pollen and egg, drawing from the genes of two parents to create a new, third individual. Asexual propagation involves taking a part of one parent plant and causing it to regenerate itself into a new plant. The resulting new plant is genetically identical to its parent.

Plant propagation can be divided into four basic types: sexual, asexual (vegetative), layering, and grafting. Countless plants are propagated each day in horticulture and agriculture. The materials commonly used for plant propagation are seeds and cuttings. Techniques for vegetative propagation include:

• Air or ground layering
• Division
• Grafting and bud grafting, widely used in fruit tree propagation
• Micropropagation

Propagation by cuttings involves rooting a severed piece of the parent plant or, in some cases, producing new plants from severed pieces of the parent plant. The major methods of asexual propagation are cuttings, layering, division, budding, and grafting.

In summary, plant propagation is the process of creating new plants from various sources, including seeds, cuttings, and other plant parts. There are two types of plant propagation: sexual and asexual. Techniques for vegetative propagation include air or ground layering, division, grafting, and micropropagation. The major methods of asexual propagation are cuttings, layering, division, budding, and grafting.