A crystal lattice is a highly ordered repeating pattern of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline solid. It can be defined as the geometrical arrangement of the atoms, ions, or molecules of the crystalline solid as points in space. The crystal lattice is the symmetrical three-dimensional structural arrangement of constituent particles inside a crystalline solid as points. The lattice is an ordered array of points describing the arrangement of particles that form a crystal. The periodic structure of an ideal crystal is most easily described by a lattice. The lattice points identify the unit cell of a crystal, which is the smallest part of a crystal that repeated regularly through translation in three dimensions creates the whole crystal.

Some characteristics of crystal lattice include:

• Each atom, molecule, or ion (constituent particle) is represented by a single point in the crystal lattice.
• These points are called lattice sites or lattice points.
• Lattice sites or points are together joined by a straight line in a crystal lattice.
• When we connect these straight lines, we can get a three-dimensional view of the structure. This 3D arrangement is called Crystal Lattice, also known as Bravais Lattices.

There are fourteen recognized lattice arrangements, known as Bravais lattices. These lattice systems are a grouping of crystal structures according to the axial system used to describe their lattice. Each lattice system consists of a set of three axes in a particular geometric arrangement. All crystals fall into one of seven lattice systems. The lattice constants (or lattice parameters) are the lengths and the angles between the edges of the unit cell.