Crystallization is a process used in chemistry to transform a solution into a solid by forming a crystal lattice structure. The process is used for purification, separation, and identification of chemical compounds/03%3A_Crystallization). The following are key features of crystallization:

• Nucleation: The first step in crystallization is nucleation, where a crystalline phase appears from either a supercooled liquid or a supersaturated solvent.

• Crystal Growth: The second step is crystal growth, where the size of particles increases and leads to a crystal state. Loose particles form layers at the crystals surface and lodge themselves into open inconsistencies such as pores, cracks, etc. .

• Solubility: Crystallization is based on the principles of solubility, where compounds tend to be more soluble in hot liquids than they are in cold liquids. If a saturated hot solution is allowed to cool, the solute is no longer soluble in the solvent and forms crystals of pure compound.

Crystallization has broad industrial applications as a separation and purification step in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries. In the laboratory, crystallization is used as a purification technique for solids/03%3A_Crystallization). The process involves dissolving an impure solid in a minimal amount of hot, boiling solvent, and allowing the hot solution to slowly cool. The developing crystals ideally form with high purity, while impurities remain in the saturated solution surrounding the solid (called the "mother liquor") /03%3A_Crystallization).

In summary, crystallization is a process used in chemistry to form a crystal lattice structure from a solution. It is used for purification, separation, and identification of chemical compounds in various industries.