The cultivation of grapes is called viticulture. Viticulture encompasses the growing and harvesting of grapes, whether for fresh consumption, wine production, raisins, or other uses. It is a branch of horticulture focused on managing grapevines, including pest control, irrigation, fertilization, pruning, and deciding the optimal time for harvest

. Viticulture derives from the Latin vitis cultura , meaning "vine-growing," and is practiced worldwide except Antarctica due to the adaptability of grapevines

. Viticulturists, the specialists in this field, often work closely with winemakers because vineyard management directly influences grape quality and characteristics essential for winemaking

. In summary:

• Viticulture = cultivation and harvesting of grapes
• Includes grapes for wine, table grapes, raisins, juice, etc.
• A branch of horticulture science
• Involves vineyard management practices like pruning, pest control, irrigation, and harvesting decisions

Thus, the cultivation of grapes is called viticulture.