Cystitis is a medical condition that refers to inflammation of the bladder. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, which is why it is also known as a urinary tract infection (UTI). However, there are other causes of cystitis, such as irritation or damage to the bladder, certain drugs, or radiation therapy.

Cystitis is more common in women than in men, and it can be a recurring problem for some people. Symptoms of cystitis include pain, burning, or stinging when urinating, needing to urinate more often and urgently than usual, dark, cloudy, or strong-smelling urine, and pain in the lower abdomen. In young children, symptoms may also include a high temperature, wetting themselves, and reduced appetite.

The usual treatment for cystitis caused by bacteria is to take antibiotics. However, treatment for other types of cystitis depends on the cause. Drinking plenty of water and taking urinary alkalisers can also help to ease the symptoms of cystitis. If you have cystitis symptoms, you can see your pharmacist, who may offer you a course of antibiotics to treat the infection where appropriate. However, children and men should always be seen by a GP if they have symptoms of cystitis, as the condition is less common and could be more serious in these groups.

To prevent cystitis from recurring, you can try wiping from front to back when you go to the toilet, peeing as soon as possible after sex, drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, having a shower rather than a bath, and avoiding irritants such as bubble baths, soaps, and spermicides.