Datura is a genus of highly poisonous, vespertine-flowering plants belonging to the nightshade family (Solanaceae) . They are commonly known as thornapples, jimsonweeds, devils trumpets, moonflowers, devils weed, and hells bells. Datura species are herbaceous, leafy annuals and short-lived perennials, which can reach up to 2 m in height. The leaves are alternate, 10–20 cm long, and 5–18 cm broad, with a lobed or toothed margin. The flowers are erect or spreading, trumpet-shaped, 5–20 cm long, and 4–12 cm broad at the mouth; colors vary from white to yellow and pale purple.
All parts of the Datura plant are toxic, and the genus has a long history of use for causing delirious states and death. Datura has been used for centuries in some cultures as a poison, and it has been revered as a sacred visionary plant among almost all cultures around the world that have encountered it. Datura has been used as an ingredient in the ritual practice of zombification in the Caribbean and is locally known as “Zombie-cucumber” . Until recently, Datura cigarettes were prescribed to asthma sufferers. Datura plants have been studied for their capacity to absorb heavy metals in bioremediation projects. Some Datura plants produce addictive narcotic nectar to entice hawk moths to their flowers.
Datura is sanctified with Katu (i.e. pungent) and Tikta Rasa (i.e. bitter taste) and Laghu (i.e. light) and Rukhsha Guna (i.e. dry quality) . Datura plant as a whole has several characteristic properties including anti-spasmodic, analgesic, sleep-inducing, expectorant, sedative, hypnotic, intoxicant, uterine stimulant, and bronchodilator properties. Owing to its several therapeutic properties, the entire plant, be it the fresh or dry leaves, seeds, roots, or fruits, Datura has carved its way in many traditional and alternative medications.
In summary, Datura is a highly poisonous plant that has been used for centuries in some cultures as a poison and as a sacred visionary plant among almost all cultures around the world that have encountered it. All parts of the plant are toxic, and it has a long history of use for causing delirious states and death. However, it also has several therapeutic properties and has been used in traditional and alternative medications.