Demodex in dogs is a type of mange caused by a parasitic mite that lives in the hair follicles of dogs. The mite is shaped like a cigar with eight legs and is passed from the mother to puppies during the first few days of life. Demodex is not contagious to other animals or humans, and exposure to a healthy dog is not dangerous as the immune system must be depressed for mange to develop. The condition is not harmful in small numbers, but in some dogs with an immature or weakened immune system, the mites may multiply rapidly and result in hair loss and skin lesions.

There are two forms of demodex in dogs: localized and generalized. Localized demodicosis in juvenile dogs presents as patches of hair loss and red inflamed skin, usually around the face, head, and feet. This form of demodex is not typically itchy and may resolve spontaneously as the animal ages. Generalized demodicosis is a more severe form of the disease that can affect dogs of any age. It can cause hair loss, red skin, papules, pustules, hemorrhagic bullae, comedones, crust or scale, and nodules.

The treatment for demodex depends on the age of the animal and the severity of the disease. Mild and localized forms of demodicosis in young dogs may not require treatment and may resolve spontaneously as the animal ages. Generalized cases in young dogs and those in adult dogs require intensive treatment, and secondary infections must be treated with courses of antibiotics. There are several oral and topical medications that may be used to treat demodex, including ivermectin, milbemycin oxime, afoxolaner, fluralaner, Aludex, and Advocate. The choice of medication depends on the individual case, and the veterinarian will help decide which medication is best for the dog[[1]](https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/mange-de...