Doping tests are a tool used by Anti-Doping Organizations (ADOs) to level the playing field and protect clean sport. Athletes who compete at the national or international level are subject to doping control and can be tested anytime or anywhere by relevant National Anti-Doping Organizations (NADOs), International Federations (IFs), and Major Event Organizations (MEOs) . There are two broad types of doping testing conducted: "in competition testing" and "out of competition testing". In competition testing is conducted under the authority of the event organizers, such as Olympic Games, World Cup, or Tour de France competitions, while out of competition testing is carried out to monitor athletes to ensure ongoing compliance with national and international doping rules. The testing process involves several stages, including notification of selection for a test, reporting for testing, selecting a collection vessel, providing the sample under supervision, and completing the Doping Control Form (DCF) . The types of tests include urine, venous blood, and dried blood spot, and the sample is sent to a WADA accredited laboratory to be analyzed. The test can be conducted using body fluids such as urine, saliva, sweat, and blood or solid specimens like hair and nails, but urine is the most common mode for sample collection in dope testing. The initial screening test is conducted by an immunoassay, which delivers quick results within a few minutes, similar to a pregnancy test. The testing process is designed to strategically deter and detect doping in sports with a high risk of potential doping during out-of-competition periods, while maximizing resources.