The number e, also known as Eulers number, is a mathematical constant that is approximately equal to 2.71828). It is one of the most important numbers in mathematics, alongside 0, 1, π, and i). The number e is of great importance in calculus, particularly in performing differential and integral calculus with exponential functions and logarithms). It is the base of the natural logarithm and is used to represent the non-linear increase or decrease of a function such as growth or decay of population. The value of e is frequently used to model physical and economic phenomena, mathematically, where it is convenient to write e. The number e is irrational, meaning it cannot be represented as a ratio of integers, and transcendental, meaning it is not a root of any non-zero polynomial with rational coefficients). The value of e is known to over 1 trillion digits of accuracy.