Embodied carbon refers to the greenhouse gas emissions released during the manufacturing, transportation, installation, maintenance, and disposal of building materials. It is the carbon footprint of a building or infrastructure project before it becomes operational. Embodied carbon is distinct from operational carbon, which is the carbon that comes from energy, heat, lighting, etc. . Embodied carbon is becoming a larger portion of a buildings overall carbon footprint, and it is expected to account for nearly 50% of the overall carbon footprint of new construction between now and 2050. Embodied carbon is reported as global warming potential (GWP) and is measured relative to the impact of one molecule of carbon dioxide, usually over a 100-year time-frame. Embodied carbon is a significant percentage of global emissions and requires urgent action to address it.

To address embodied carbon, a number of strategies can be employed, including using low-carbon, carbon-neutral, or even carbon-storing materials, such as plants that have sequestered carbon during their growth before being transformed into a building material. Additionally, using recycled materials or reclaimed materials can reduce the emissions associated with manufacturing new materials. Embodied carbon reductions can also be achieved through material efficiency and optimized design, such as the use of modular or prefabricated construction techniques that can optimize the use of materials, resulting in minimal waste material that would otherwise end up in landfills. Re-use is also a key consideration when addressing embodied carbon in construction.