In C++, endl is a manipulator function used to insert a new line character and flush the output stream. It is equivalent to \n character in C++, but with the added functionality of flushing the output buffer. When endl is encountered, the operating system will flush the output buffer and insert a new line. This can be useful if you want to make sure that the output is displayed immediately, for example if you’re writing a progress indicator or a status message. However, using endl in large programs with multiple IO operations can introduce extra overhead and consume more CPU cycles, leading to lower throughput. In summary, the key differences between endl and \n are:
endlflushes the output buffer, while\ndoes not.endlis a manipulator function, while\nis a character.endloccupies 1 byte memory as it is a character, while\ndoes not occupy any memory.
It is recommended to use \n instead of endl in some use cases like competitive programming, as it saves time by not flushing the entire line and thus improves the time complexity of the program.
