Equal Housing Opportunity refers to the principle that everyone has an equal right to be treated fairly in the sale, lease, or rental of housing, without discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, handicap, familial status, or national origin. The Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO) is an agency within the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development that is responsible for administering and enforcing federal fair housing laws and establishing policies that ensure all Americans have equal access to the housing of their choice. The FHEO enforces the Fair Housing Act and other civil rights authorities that prohibit discrimination in the sale, rental, or financing of dwellings because of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, or disability.

In addition to the Fair Housing Act, there are other laws that make discrimination in housing unlawful, such as the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, which prohibits discrimination in any aspect of a credit application based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or public assistance status. State and local laws may also provide broader coverage and prohibit discrimination based on additional classes not covered by federal law.

For home seekers, the right to expect equal housing opportunities includes the right to expect housing in their price range without discrimination, equal professional service, the opportunity to consider a broad range of housing choices, and no discriminatory limitations on communities or locations of housing. If someone believes they have experienced discrimination in housing, they can file a complaint with the nearest office of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.