Endosmosis and exosmosis are two types of osmosis, which is the movement of a solvent (such as water) from a low solute concentration to a high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane. The main difference between endosmosis and exosmosis is the direction of the movement of water in each process.

Endosmosis:

• The solvent moves into the cell (endo = inside).
• Occurs when the cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, which has a lower concentration of solute compared to the cell cytoplasm.
• Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell.

Exosmosis:

• The solvent moves out of the cell (exo = outside).
• Occurs when the cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, which has a higher concentration of solute compared to the cell cytoplasm.
• Water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink or become flaccid.

In summary, endosmosis is the movement of water into the cell, while exosmosis is the movement of water out of the cell. Both processes are important in explaining biological transport processes through complex systems.