The Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) is a program that provides USDA Foods to income-eligible households living on Indian reservations and to certain American Indian households. To be eligible for FDPIR, households must meet the national eligibility criteria, which includes income standards that vary by household size and are based on 100 percent of the Federal Poverty Guidelines adjusted by the applicable SNAP standard deduction. Households must be recertified at least every 12 months, and elderly and disabled households may be certified for up to 24 months. FDPIR works with state agencies and tribal organizations, which determine eligibility and provide food.

Households may not participate in FDPIR and SNAP in the same month. However, under revised USDA policy, if anyone in a household is a recipient of benefits under SNAP, TANF cash assistance, or FDPIR, all children in the household are categorically eligible for free school meals. Categorical eligibility applies primarily to children from households receiving benefits under SNAP, TANF cash assistance, or FDPIR.