Female sterilization is a permanent method of birth control that prevents pregnancy by blocking or sealing the fallopian tubes, which link the ovaries to the womb (uterus) . This prevents the eggs from reaching the sperm and becoming fertilized. There are a few different types of female sterilization procedures, including tubal ligation, bilateral salpingectomy, and nonsurgical sterilization.

Tubal ligation, also known as "getting your tubes tied," is a surgical procedure that permanently closes, cuts, or removes pieces of the fallopian tubes. Bilateral salpingectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the entire fallopian tubes. Nonsurgical sterilization, such as the Essure device, involves inserting tiny metal coils into the fallopian tubes through the vagina and cervix, which eventually form scar tissue and block the tubes.

Female sterilization is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy. It is a safe and effective procedure, but it is important to note that it is permanent and difficult to reverse. Sterilization does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so it is recommended to use condoms if there is a high risk of getting an STI.

It is important to consider all options and talk to a healthcare provider before deciding on sterilization. Sterilization may not be a good choice for those who may want to get pregnant in the future, those who are being pressured by others, or those who hope sterilization will solve temporary problems.