Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that can develop in a fetus when a pregnant person drinks alcohol during pregnancy. FAS is the most severe end of what are known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) . FASDs are a group of conditions that can occur in a person who was exposed to alcohol before birth. Symptoms of FAS can include physical defects, intellectual or cognitive disabilities, and problems functioning and coping with daily life. The severity of FAS symptoms varies, with some children experiencing them to a far greater degree than others. Signs and symptoms of FAS may include any mix of physical defects, intellectual or cognitive disabilities, and problems functioning and coping with daily life.

Physical defects caused by FAS can include:

• Abnormal facial features, such as a smooth ridge between the nose and upper lip (smooth philtrum), small head size, and small eye openings
• Deformities of joints, limbs, and fingers
• Slow physical growth before and after birth

Intellectual or cognitive disabilities caused by FAS can include:

• Poor memory, attention, and judgment
• Learning disabilities and delayed development
• Speech and language delays
• Low IQ

Problems functioning and coping with daily life caused by FAS can include:

• Difficulty with reasoning and problem-solving
• Difficulty with social interactions and relating to others
• Behavioral problems, such as hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and anxiety
• Mental health problems, such as depression and substance abuse

FAS is completely preventable in children whose mothers dont drink during pregnancy. There is no amount of alcohol thats known to be safe to consume during pregnancy. If you suspect your child has FAS, talk to your doctor as soon as possible. Early diagnosis may help to reduce problems such as learning difficulties and behavioral issues.