Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a numerical method used to solve engineering problems using an array of mathematical techniques. It involves the use of calculations, models, and simulations to predict and understand how an object might behave under various physical conditions. FEA is widely used in mechanical, aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering projects, as well as biomechanics.

FEA works by subdividing a larger problem into smaller, simpler parts called finite elements. The equations that model these finite elements are solved and assembled back into the larger system of equations that model the entire problem. Engineers use FEA to find accurate representations of complex geometry, inclusion of dissimilar material properties, easy representation of the total solution, and capture of local effects.

FEA provides the safe simulation of potentially dangerous or destructive load conditions and failure modes, allowing engineers to discover a systems physical response at any location. Other benefits include increased accuracy due to the analysis of any physical stress that might affect the design, improved design because developers can observe how stresses within one element will affect the materials in another connected element, and access to existing experimental results, which can be pulled from the parametric analyses of already validated models and applied to the new model.

FEA is commonly used to analyze fatigue for machines and their parts, certify load capacities for lifting cranes, build airport bridges, and determine brake or rotor lifetime certifications. Other uses of finite element analysis include improving product safety, testing possible real-world conditions on the design, and finding performance improvements for new products.