A GED (General Educational Development) certificate is a high school equivalency diploma that certifies academic knowledge equivalent to a high school diploma in the United States and Canada. It is an alternative to a high school diploma and is awarded to those who do not complete high school or do not meet the requirements for a high school diploma. The GED tests measure proficiency in science, mathematics, social studies, reading, and writing. Passing the GED test gives individuals the opportunity to earn a Certificate of High School Equivalency or similarly titled credential. The GED Testing Service is a joint venture of the American Council on Education, which started the GED program in 1942, and Pearson, which is the sole developer for the GED test. The test is taken in person, and states and jurisdictions award a high school equivalency credential to persons who meet the passing score.