Gingivitis is a common and mild form of gum disease that causes irritation, redness, and swelling of the gingiva, the part of the gum around the base of your teeth. It is caused by the accumulation of bacterial plaque between and around the teeth, which can lead to inflammation of the surrounding gum tissues. Gingivitis is the earliest stage of gum disease and can progress to a more severe condition called periodontitis if left untreated. The most common cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene, but other factors such as hormonal changes, smoking, and certain medications can also increase the risk of developing it. Symptoms of gingivitis include red, swollen, and bleeding gums, tender gums, mouth sores, a shiny appearance to gums, and bad breath. Its important to take gingivitis seriously and treat it promptly to prevent its progression to periodontitis and tooth loss. Good oral health habits, such as brushing at least twice a day, flossing daily, and getting regular dental checkups, can help prevent and reverse gingivitis.