Hardscaping refers to the non-living elements in a landscape design. It includes man-made structures like decks, pergolas, or patio covers, as well as hard landscape materials such as paved areas, driveways, retaining walls, sleeper walls, and stairs. Hardscaping is a critical part of landscape design, providing definition and a sense of organization to the natural areas and features. It alters the foundation of the yard, and only when this is completed can the landscaper begin to focus on the softscape features of the yard, such as lawn, floral plantings, trees, and shrubs. Hardscaping allows the erection of man-made landscaping features that would otherwise be impossible due to soil erosion, including some that compensate for large amounts of human traffic that would cause wear on bare earth or grass.

Hardscaping is important to the overall function of outdoor space. When planning and choosing hardscaping materials, layout, and design, it is important to consider how they will impact the efficiency, flow, and look of the landscaping. Hardscape elements can also define the use of a space, such as with a driveway, or it can lead visitors through different zones of softscaping, as with a gravel path that winds through a grassy area and into a secluded garden.

Some examples of hardscaping features include patios, landscaped walkways, sitting walls, retaining walls, water features, fire pits, landscape lighting, grill surrounds, pergolas, and any other custom-built feature for outdoor living space. Swimming pools and outdoor kitchens are also considered hardscaping features.

In summary, hardscaping is an aspect of landscaping that provides structure and functionality to outdoor areas. It includes man-made structures and hard landscape materials that are incorporated into a landscape design. Hardscaping is important to the overall function of outdoor space and can define the use of a space or lead visitors through different zones of softscaping.