Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a treatment used to relieve symptoms of menopause by replacing the female hormones that are at a lower level as you experience the menopause. The hormones that are replaced are estrogen and progesterone, or both. HRT can help alleviate symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, mood changes, and insomnia. There are two main types of HRT: estrogen-only HRT and combined HRT, which includes both estrogen and progesterone.

HRT is usually recommended for women who are experiencing menopausal symptoms and can be started as soon as symptoms begin. However, a blood test to measure hormone levels may be carried out if you’re aged 40 to 45, and blood tests may also be carried out to help diagnose suspected premature menopause if you’re under 40 and have menopausal symptoms.

Recent findings show that although not completely risk-free, HRT remains the most effective solution for helping with symptoms of menopause and is also effective for the prevention of osteoporosis. It may also provide protection against heart disease. However, it is important to understand the risks associated with HRT, which include an increased risk of endometrial cancer, blood clots, stroke, and breast cancer. The risks can be minimized by starting HRT within 10 years of menopause or before age 60, taking the lowest dose that works for you for the shortest possible time, and taking progesterone or progestin if you still have your uterus.

It is recommended to have an initial discussion with your GP or practice nurse at your local primary care practice if you would like to start HRT. They can explain the different types of HRT available and help you choose one that’s suitable for you. Clinicians will recommend an individualized plan for each woman, as there is no “one size fits all” therapy.