HVO fuel stands for Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil, which is a biofuel made by the hydrocracking or hydrogenation of vegetable oil. It is a paraffinic diesel fuel that can be used as a direct replacement for mineral diesel fuel. HVO fuel is produced from waste, primarily residue oils and fats such as used cooking oil, and can be produced without fossil resources by processing renewable waste lipids. The production process involves two steps: the first step is the removal of impurities and the second step is the conversion of triglycerides/fatty acids to hydrocarbons by hydrodeoxygenation and/or decarboxylation. HVO fuel is considered a high-quality diesel substitute and is often referred to as renewable diesel. It is a second-generation, synthetic, advanced renewable diesel alternative that eliminates up to 90% of net CO2 and significantly reduces nitrogen oxide (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. HVO fuel is one of the cleanest fuels on the market and is resistant to attack by “diesel bug,” allowing it to be stored for extended periods of time. HVO fuel is compatible with existing diesel engines and infrastructure, making it an easy and cost-effective alternative to conventional diesel fuel.