Hyperemesis gravidarum is a medical condition characterized by severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. It is much worse than the normal nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, and can cause dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances. The condition usually occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy and can last for weeks, months, or up until delivery. The most common symptoms of hyperemesis gravidarum include severe, persistent nausea and vomiting, salivating a lot more than normal, weight loss, signs of dehydration, such as dark urine, dry skin, weakness, lightheadedness, or fainting, and constipation.

Experts do not know for sure what causes hyperemesis gravidarum, but rising hormone levels, particularly HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), which the body makes during pregnancy, are most likely what causes it. HCG levels peak around 10 weeks of pregnancy, which is when most people report having the most severe symptoms. Estrogen, another hormone that increases during pregnancy, may also play a role in causing nausea and vomiting.

With treatment, most people can find relief from their symptoms and get the nourishment they need to support their pregnancy. Mild cases of hyperemesis gravidarum are treated with dietary changes, while severe cases may require hospitalization. There are medicines that can be used in pregnancy, including the first 12 weeks, to help improve the symptoms of HG. These include anti-sickness (anti-emetic) drugs, steroids, or a combination of these. Emotional and psychological support may also be needed.

It is important to seek medical attention if you are unable to keep any food or fluids down as you can become dehydrated very quickly when suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum.