Hyperplasia is a medical condition characterized by an increase in the production of cells in a healthy organ or tissue. It can be physiological or pathological. Physiological hyperplasia is harmless and can occur at a specific point in life, such as in some cases of pregnancy. It can be hormonal or as a result of increased secretion of any hormone. Pathological hyperplasia, on the other hand, can occur due to excessive hormonal stimulation or other effector cell growth factors. This condition can be linked to diseases such as cancer.

Hyperplasia can be classified into different types based on the affected organ or tissue. For example, endometrial hyperplasia is a precancerous condition in which there is an irregular thickening of the uterine lining. This may cause uncomfortable symptoms for women, and if left untreated, it may develop into endometrial cancer. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is another type of hyperplasia that occurs more frequently during aging men. It can lead to urinary problems, such as blocked urine flow from the bladder, bladder, urinary tract, or kidney problems.

Hyperplasia is considered to be a physiological (normal) response to a specific stimulus, and the cells of a hyperplastic growth remain subject to normal regulatory control mechanisms. However, hyperplasia can also occur as a pathological response, if an excess of hormone or growth factor is responsible for the stimuli. Similarly to physiological hyperplasia, cells that undergo pathologic hyperplasia are controlled by growth hormones, and cease to proliferate if such stimuli are removed.

The most common sign of hyperplasia is abnormal uterine bleeding. Doctors specializing in treating hyperplasia are the Urologist or Gynecologist, depending on the type of hyperplasia. The diagnosis of hyperplasia is usually based on physical exams, questions related to symptoms, lifestyle, and medical history. Doctors may also perform tests such as biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.