Identity is the set of qualities, beliefs, personality traits, appearance, or expressions that characterize a person or a group

. It encompasses both personal aspects-such as memories, experiences, values, and relationships that create a person's sense of self-and social aspects, referring to how individuals see themselves and are recognized by others within social groups

. Identity develops over time, beginning in childhood, and is influenced by social and cultural factors, including family, community, and societal institutions

. It includes various dimensions such as occupational, religious, national, ethnic, gender, and political identities

. There are two main types of identity:

• Personal identity : The unique traits and self-definitions that make an individual distinct, including how they choose to emphasize different aspects of themselves

• Social identity : The sense of belonging to particular social groups, such as ethnicity, nationality, gender, or religion, which shapes how individuals relate to others and society

Identity also functions as a guiding structure that provides meaning, direction, and a sense of continuity, helping individuals orient themselves toward the future and maintain internal harmony

. It plays a crucial role in social inclusion and access to rights, as proving identity is often necessary for participation in social, economic, and political life

. In summary, identity answers the question "Who are you?" by combining both the internal sense of self and external social affiliations, making it a dynamic and multifaceted concept

. Key points:

• Identity = qualities and traits defining a person or group

• Includes personal and social dimensions

• Influenced by social, cultural, and individual factors

• Provides meaning, direction, and social belonging

• Essential for participation in society and self-understanding