The question of what Israel is doing to Palestine is complex and multifaceted. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has its roots in a colonial act carried out more than a century ago. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, successive governments have created and maintained a system of laws, policies, and practices designed to oppress and dominate Palestinians. The Israeli government has established a two-tiered legal and political system that provides comprehensive rights for Jewish Israeli settlers while imposing military rule and control on Palestinians without any basic protections or rights under international law. Palestinians are regularly subjected to violence by Israeli settlers and security forces, including physical attacks, shooting with live ammunition, torching of fields and livestock, theft and vandalization of property. Israeli forces have killed and injured thousands of Palestinians in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, amid a surge of military incursions that involved excessive use of force, including unlawful killings and apparent extrajudicial executions. Israel has also imposed a blockade on Gaza since 2007, which has inflicted collective punishment on 2 million Palestinians, facilitating a humanitarian crisis. In response to rocket attacks from Gaza, Israel has launched bombing campaigns and military offensives that have killed hundreds of Palestinians. The situation is complex and requires a nuanced understanding of the historical, political, and social factors at play.