Jihad is an Arabic word that has multiple meanings and interpretations, depending on the context in which it is used. Here are some of the most common interpretations:

• Struggle: The literal meaning of the word jihad is "struggle" or "effort". Within Islam, there are two basic theological understandings of the word: The "Greater Jihad" is the struggle against the lower self – the struggle to purify ones heart, do good, avoid evil and make oneself a better person. The "Lesser Jihad" is an outward struggle. Jihad constitutes a moral principle to struggle against any obstacle that stands in the way of the good.

• Defense: Jihad also includes the right, indeed the obligation, to defend Islam and the community from aggression. In Islamic tradition, the form of jihad that involves fighting requires specific ethical conditions under which it is permissible to fight, as well as clear rules of engagement such as the requirement to protect non-combatants.

• Spiritual struggle: Jihad can also refer to the internal, spiritual struggle against the lower self, which involves striving to lead a more upright, pious life.

It is important to note that the term "jihad" has been misused and misunderstood, particularly in the West, where it is often associated with terrorism and violence. However, scholars argue that this is a narrow and inaccurate interpretation of the term, which has a much broader and more complex meaning.