Jitter is a variation in the time delay between when a signal is transmitted and when its received over a network connection, measuring the variability in ping. It is caused by network congestion, timing drift, route changes, and poor hardware performance. Jitter can negatively impact the performance of VoIP and video services during video conferencing, making calls choppy and incoherent or dropping out altogether. Jitter is measured in milliseconds (ms) and is described as the disruption in the normal sequence of sending data packets. Good connections have a reliable and consistent response time, which is represented as a lower jitter score. There are different types of jitter, including constant jitter, transient jitter, and short-term delay variation. Jitter can be measured by calculating the average packet-to-packet delay time. To reduce jitter, one can use a jitter buffer, prioritize packets, and invest in additional tools.