Judaism is a monotheistic religion that originated among the ancient Hebrews. It is characterized by a belief in one transcendent God who revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets. The basic laws and tenets of Judaism are found in the Torah, which was given to the Israelites at Sinai. Jewish religious doctrine encompasses a wide body of texts, practices, theological positions, and forms of organization.

Judaism is a total way of life for the Jewish people, comprising theology, law, and innumerable cultural traditions. It is the oldest of the monotheistic faiths in the Abrahamic tradition. Jews derive their Jewishness through either being born to a Jewish mother or through conversion to Judaism under an orthodox Rabbinical court. Judaism is mainly a communal culture and relies on family and community institutions to ensure continuity and manage membership.

Judaism has displayed remarkable adaptability and continuity in its encounter with the great civilizations, from ancient Babylonia and Egypt to Western Christendom and modern secular culture. There are different strands of Judaism, including Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism, Reform Judaism, and Reconstructionist Judaism.