A lump in the testicle can be a sign of various medical conditions, some of which are serious. Most testicular lumps and swellings are caused by benign (non-cancerous) conditions that may not need treatment, but its important to know the cause of the lump. Some of the possible causes of a lump in the testicle include:

• Cysts: A cyst is a fluid-filled sac that can develop in the testicle. Cysts are usually painless and dont require treatment unless they cause discomfort or become infected.

• Varicoceles: A varicocele is a swelling of the veins that drain the testicle. Varicoceles are usually harmless and dont require treatment unless they cause pain or infertility.

• Epididymal cysts: These are lumps caused by a collection of fluid in the epididymis, a coiled tube behind the testicle. Epididymal cysts are usually painless and dont require treatment unless they become large or uncomfortable.

• Inguinal hernia: This is when part of the intestine pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall and into the scrotum. Inguinal hernias can cause a lump in the scrotum and may require surgery to repair.

• Testicular cancer: Although most testicular lumps are not caused by cancer, a lump in one of the testicles can sometimes be a sign of testicular cancer. Cancer Research UK estimates that fewer than four in every 100 testicular lumps are caused by cancer.

Its important to see a healthcare provider if you notice any lumps, swellings, or changes in your testicles. Your provider will examine you and may refer you for an ultrasound scan to determine the cause of the lump. Treatment for a lump or swelling depends on the cause, and you might not need treatment if it does not cause any problems and is not getting worse. If the lump or swelling is painful or very big, the healthcare provider may refer you to a specialist for an operation to drain, shrink, or remove it.