Mascara is a cosmetic product that is used to darken, thicken, and define eyelashes. It is typically made up of a combination of oils, waxes, pigments, and preservatives, which can be natural or synthetic. The ingredients in mascara can vary depending on the brand and type of mascara, but some of the most common ingredients include:

• Pigments: Carbon black or iron oxide pigments are typically used to darken lashes.

• Polymers: These are used to form a film that coats lashes and helps the mascara adhere to them.

• Waxes: Beeswax, candelilla wax, and carnauba wax are commonly used as thickening agents to give mascara texture and help keep it smooth.

• Emollients: These are used to soften and moisturize lashes. Examples include isododecane and cyclopentasiloxane, which are often found in waterproof mascaras.

• Preservatives: These are included to give mascara a longer shelf life. Examples include thimerosal, which can cause conjunctivitis and eyelid dermatitis, and is still used in some mascaras.

• Guanine: This ingredient is derived from fish scales and is used to give mascara a shimmery effect. It is not harmful, but some people prefer to avoid it.

It is important to note that some mascaras may contain animal-derived ingredients, such as beeswax or guanine. If you are looking for a vegan or cruelty-free mascara, it is important to check the ingredients list carefully. Additionally, some synthetic dyes or tar from coal may be used to give mascara its color, which can be harmful. Therefore, it is recommended to choose mascaras with clean ingredients that are safe to apply in the eye area and have been tested for safety by dermatologists and toxicologists.