A problem learner is a learner whose academic performance is significantly below performance potential because of a specific affective, cognitive, or behavioral problem. However, it is important to note that the term "problem learner" is not commonly used in educational literature. Instead, the term "problem-based learning" (PBL) is more commonly used to describe an educational philosophy that centers students’ learning experiences by allowing them to work through an open-ended problem found in course material.

Problem-based learning is a student-centered approach in which students learn about a subject by working in groups to solve an open-ended problem. This method centers on the student’s reflection to organize their learning, allowing for active learning and stronger retention and understanding of knowledge. By using group intellect, problem-based learning exposes learners to a variety of opinions and experiences and drawing on real-life experiences in their learning to develop multiple different solutions to a problem.

In summary, while the term "problem learner" refers to a learner who is struggling academically due to a specific issue, "problem-based learning" is an educational philosophy that centers on students working through open-ended problems to promote active learning and critical thinking skills.