Microfiber is a man-made, synthetic material formed through a chemical process. It is composed of materials such as polyester, nylon polymers, or wood pulp. The most common types of microfiber are made variously of polyesters, polyamides (e.g., nylon, Kevlar, Nomex), and combinations of polyester, polyamide, and polypropylene. Microfiber is used to make mats, knits, and weaves, for apparel, upholstery, industrial filters, and cleaning products. The shape, size, and combinations of synthetic fibers are chosen for specific characteristics, including softness, toughness, absorption, water repellence, electrostatics, and filtering ability.

Microfiber is often used in clothing manufacture, furniture, and sheets as well as cleaning cloths. Microfiber sheets are made from synthetic fibers including polyester, cellulose, and nylon. Polyester is the most common fiber used in these sheets. Since microfiber sheets are often made from synthetic materials, they are less prone to wrinkling and shrinkage in comparison to natural materials, like linen or cotton. Microfiber sheets are woven in a percale or sateen weave. The tighter the weave, the more durable the sheet will be when it comes to frequent washing.